Surface metrology is a branch of metrology that focuses on the measurement and analysis of the surface characteristics of an object or material. This includes the study of surface roughness, texture, flatness, waviness, and other surface properties that can affect the performance and quality of a product. Surface metrology plays a crucial role in various industries, including manufacturing, automotive, aerospace, and medical devices, where precise control of surface features is essential for ensuring product reliability and performance. Various techniques and instruments are used in surface metrology, such as profilometers, atomic force microscopes, and optical interferometers, to accurately measure and analyze the surface properties of different materials.